Samuel Lathrop (May 1, 1772 - July 11, 1846) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.
Born in West Springfield, Massachusetts, Lathrop pursued classical studies and graduated from Yale College in 1792. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in West Springfield. He served as clerk and treasurer 1796-1798. Town moderator for eight years.
Lathrop was elected as a Federalist to the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Congresses, reelected as an Adams-Clay Federalist to the Eighteenth Congress and as an Adams candidate to the Nineteenth Congress (March 4, 1819-March 3, 1827). He served as chairman of the Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business (Seventeenth and Eighteenth Congresses). He resumed the practice of law and devoted considerable time to agricultural pursuits. He served as member of the state senate in 1829 and 1830 and served as its president. He died in West Springfield, Massachusetts, July 11, 1846. He was interred in the Park Street Cemetery.